Basic Structure of Computer

            Basic Structure of Computer

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• A computer is the electric device that accepts data from the user, processes it and produce outputs.
• Basic function of computer
• 1.Input-data put various input into computer device like keyboard, mouse, digital pens etc.
• 2.Processing-input data take operations based on instruction provide by the programs.
• 3.Output-the processed information are stored and communicated to the output through device like monitor, printer, etc.
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  CPU is the main computer processing component.
• Current CPU is compose of two or more processor called core.

TWO categories of storage are
1.short term storage which is also called as volatile.

• RAM-Random Access Memory
• RAM is also referred as "working storage"
• CPU can only access data or code in RAM.

2.lons term storage which is also called as non volatile.

• It maintain data even when their is no power.
• examples: hard disk, USB flash drive.
• It is also used to store documents and files.
•                                     Motherboard
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• Motherboard is the main printed circuit  board in the computer.
• It is backbone that ties computer's components together at one spot and allow them to talk to each other.

                      Computer Bus Fundamental

• Bus is a collection of wires carrying signals from one place to another.

There are three types of Buses
1.Data Bus-it is  carry data signals from main memory to CPU and input/output and vice versa
2.Address Bus-it is used to carry information about the location of data in memory.

• It used to carry the location to where it should be stored.

3.Control Bus-it is used to carry control signal that makes sure everything is flowing smoothly from place to place like wire from CPU to memory.

          

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• Hard drive is primary long term storage 
• Hard drive consist of magnetic disk called platter
• Hard drive stores documents and application that opens the documents.

          solid state drive

• SSD is faster and short lifespan. Whereas hard drive is slower and longer lifespan
• It is more expensive. and hard drive is cheaper.
• It use flash memory.

         Data is stored in Bits

• In one byte it contain 8 bits 
• A bits can either be 0 or 1
• Primary memory is also known as main memory
• Cache memory contain in the primary memory.
• Cache memory is smaller and faster than main memory(primary memory)
• Processor is circuit that performs all of the calculations needed to run the computer.

                   Instruction cycle 

Steps:

1. Get instructions and increment the PC.
2. Decode the instructions and read register from register file.
3. perform ALU operation.
4. Read or write the memory data if instruction involve memory operand.
5. write the result into destination register.

Basic instruction types are

1. load
2. stored  
3. operate                            

•   When instruction fetched, PC increases its stored value by 1.
• After that PC point to next instruction in sequence.
• When the computer restart, the PC reverts to 0.