csc_104_fundamentals of computing

  Network Communication 1kbps=1 thousand bits Kilobits per second is shortened to kb/s, Kbps or kbps 1kb/s =1000bits  1Kb/s = 1024 bytes ISP -internet service provider common confusion between the KBps and  kbps is when it comes to bandwidth and download speed. data transfer is calculate in kbps. file size measure in Kilo Bytes and download is calculated based on how many Bytes per second are downloaded. KBps and kbps are not interchangeable. to calculate max download speed of a "X kbps"                 Download KBPS speed= (Kbps value*1000/8)/1024 Components of networks NIC Switch Cable hub router                  Hardware Components Network interface card Its is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicates networks connection interface controller. Network medium - cable plugs into the NIC and make the connection between a computer and rest of the network  ...

             Digital representation ASCII(American Standing Code for Information Interchange) It is 7 bits code. Total 127 different characters are represented by ASCII code. It starts from 0 to 126. The ASCII code is a subset of UTF-8 code. Unicode characters code is a superset of ASCII .  Types of Number system Binary (2 bases) symbol:{0,1} Decimal(10 bases) symbol:{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Hexadecimal(16 bases) symbol:{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F} Octal(8 bases) symbol:{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Number representation - signed positive values have same representation.  Negative numbers have different representation. Three ways to signed integer: Sign and magnitude 1's complement 2's complement Rules for adding the binary number. 0 + 0 = 0 1 + 0 = 1 1 + 1 = 10(2 binary) 1 + 1+ 1 = 11(binary) Rules for subtracting the binary number. 0 - 0 = 0 1 - 1 = 1 1 - 1 = 0 0 - 1 = 1(borrow 1) when we subtract 1 from 0, we have to borrow 1 next high digit. Overfl...

            Basic Structure of Computer A computer is the electric device that accepts data from the user, processes it and produce outputs. Basic function of computer 1.Input-data put various input into computer device like keyboard, mouse, digital pens etc. 2.Processing-input data take operations based on instruction provide by the programs. 3.Output-the processed information are stored and communicated to the output through device like monitor, printer, etc. CPU is the main computer processing component. Current CPU is compose of two or more processor called core. TWO categories of storage are 1.short term storage which is also called as volatile. RAM-Random Access Memory RAM is also referred as "working storage" CPU can only access data or code in RAM. 2.lons term storage which is also called as non volatile. It maintain data even when their is no power. examples: hard disk, USB flash drive. It is also used to store documents and files.   ...